Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'ibyuma bitagira umugese

Ibyuma bitanduye bishobora kugabanywamo icyuma kitanduye cya austenitic, icyuma kitanduye cya ferritic, icyuma kitanduye cya martensitic na icyuma kitanduye cya duplex hakurikijwe imiterere yacyo ya metallographic.

(1) Icyuma kitagira umugese cya Austenitic

Imiterere y'ubushyuhe bw'icyumba cy'icyuma kitagira umugese cya austenitic ni austenite, ikorwa no kongeramo nikeli ikwiye mu cyuma kitagira umugese cya chromium nyinshi.

Icyuma cya Austenitic gifite imiterere ihamye ya austenite gusa iyo Cr irimo hafi 18%, Ni 8% kugeza 25%, na C hafi 0.1%. Icyuma cya Austenitic gifite ishingiro rya Cr18Ni9 ishingiye ku cyuma gikozwe muri alloy. Hamwe n'ikoreshwa ritandukanye, hakozwe uruhererekane rutandatu rw'ibyuma bya austenitic bita "austenitic stainless".

Ingano zisanzwe z'icyuma kitagira umugese cya austenitic:
(1) 1Cr17Mn6Ni15N; (2) 1Cr18Mn8Ni5N; (3) 1Cr18Ni9; (4) 1Cr18Ni9Si3; (5) 06Cr19Ni10; (6) 00Cr19Ni10; (7) 0Cr19Ni9N; (8) 0Cr19Ni10NbN; (9) 00Cr18Ni10N; (10) 1Cr18Ni12; (11) 0Cr23Ni13; (12) 0Cr25Ni20; (13) 0Cr17Ni12Mo2; (14) 00Cr17Ni14Mo2; (15) 0Cr17Ni12Mo2N; (16) 00Cr17Ni13Mo2N; (17) 1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti; (18) 0Cr; 1Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti; (20) 0Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti; (21) 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Cu2; (22) 00Cr18Ni14Mo2Cu2; (23) 0Cr19Ni13Mo3; (24) 00Cr19Ni13Mo3; (25) 0Cr18Ni16Mo5; (26) 1Cr18Ni9Ti; (27) (29) 0Cr18Ni; 0Cr18Ni13Si4;

Icyuma cya Austenitic gifite ingano nini ya Ni na Cr, bigatuma icyuma cya austenite kiba ubushyuhe bw'icyumba. Gifite imiterere myiza, gukomera, ubushobozi bwo gusudira, kudashonga no kudashonga no kudashonga cyangwa intege nke za rukuruzi. Gifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kudashonga no kugabanya ibintu. Gikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho birwanya aside, nk'ibikoresho birwanya ingese n'ibikoresho byo gutwara no gutwara. Imiyoboro, ibice by'ibikoresho birwanya aside nitrike, nibindi, nabyo bishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu mitako. Icyuma cya Austenitic muri rusange gikoresha uburyo bwo gutunganya umuti, ni ukuvuga ko icyuma gishyushya kugeza kuri 1050 kugeza 1150°C, hanyuma kigakonjeshwa n'amazi cyangwa kigakonjeshwa n'umwuka kugira ngo kibone imiterere ya austenite imwe.

(2) icyuma kitagira umugese cya ferritic

Ingano zikunze gukoreshwa mu byuma bita ferritic stainless: (1) 1Cr17; (2) 00Cr30Mo2; (3) 00Cr17; (4) 00Cr17; (5) 1Cr17Mo; (6) 00Cr27Mo;

Ibyuma bita ferritic stainless steel ni icyuma kitarabagirana gifite imiterere ya ferrite cyane cyane mu bushyuhe bw'icyumba. Ingano ya chromium ni 11%-30%, ubushobozi bwacyo bwo kurwanya ingese, gukomera no gusudira byiyongera uko chromium yiyongera, chloride stress corrosion susceptibility ni nziza kurusha ubundi bwoko bw'icyuma kitarabagirana, ubu bwoko bw'icyuma muri rusange ntibuba burimo nikeli, rimwe na rimwe bufite ingano nto ya Mo, Ti, Nb n'ibindi bintu. Ubu bwoko bw'icyuma bufite imiterere yo gutwara ubushyuhe bwinshi, coefficient nto yo kwaguka, oxidation nziza, no kurwanya ingese cyane. Bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora oxidation mu kirere, umwuka w'amazi, amazi na aside oxidating. Ibice byangiritse. Ariko, imiterere ya mekanike n'imikorere yayo ni mibi, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu byuma birwanya aside bifite stress nke kandi nk'ibyuma birwanya oxidation. Bushobora kandi gukora ibice bikora ku bushyuhe bwinshi, nk'ibice bya turbine ya gaze.